Quantifying Bias in Large Language Models: Comparing Fairness Algorithms

Authors

  • Nora Falken Baltic Academy of Applied Sciences, Estonia

Keywords:

Large Language Models (LLMs), Algorithmic Bias, Fairness Algorithms, Gender Bias, Racial Bias

Abstract

Despite the fact that Large Language Models (LLMs) have amazing capabilities across a wide range of applications, there is a need for some kind of systematic examination and mitigation of the underlying biases that they include. an analysis of fairness algorithms that are designed to measure and correct inequities in LLMs, with a specific focus on biases linked with gender, race, and socioeconomic status for inclusion in the analysis. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of various fairness strategies, such as re-weighting, adversarial debiasing, and counterfactual data augmentation, it is necessary to determine how successfully these methods reduce biased outputs without also reducing model performance. In this study, we conduct empirical tests on a variety of language tasks to determine how effectively each strategy eliminates bias, how efficiently it performs computationally, and how it influences the interpretability of the model. There are further challenges that we discuss, such as the ethical implications of algorithmic bias and the trade-offs that exist between the accuracy of the model and maintaining fairness. The findings of this study provide useful recommendations on how to develop more equitable LLMs, how to enhance our understanding of the fairness of AI, and how to put bias mitigation strategies into action in the actual world.

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Published

06-08-2026

Issue

Section

Research Articles