Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation: Its Role, Significance, and Impact on the Justice System

Abstract

Forensic science has emerged as an indispensable component of modern criminal investigation and the administration of justice. Through the systematic application of scientific principles and techniques, forensic experts collect, preserve, and analyse physical evidence in a manner that enables courts to establish facts with a high degree of certainty. This paper examines the evolving role of forensic science in criminal proceedings, its contribution to accurate fact-finding, and its broader impact on the justice system. The study draws on legislative provisions, judicial pronouncements, and scholarly literature to demonstrate that forensic evidence not only strengthens the prosecution’s case but also serves as a safeguard against wrongful conviction, thereby reinforcing the foundational principles of fairness and due process.